Let's go over Dutch pronouns and the verb "to be" (zijn), which is essential for forming basic sentences in Dutch.

1. Personal Pronouns

Dutch has a set of personal pronouns similar to English, used in subject and object positions.

Subject Pronouns 

I  — Ik

You (singular, informal)  — Jij / je

You (singular, formal)  — U

He  — Hij

She  — Zij / ze

It  — Het

We  — Wij / we

You (plural, informal)  — Jullie

They  — Zij / ze

Object Pronouns (Object in a sentence)

Me  — mij / me

You (singular, informal)  — jou / je

You (singular, formal)  — u

Him — hem

Her  — haar

It  — het

Us  — ons

You (plural)  — jullie

Them  — hen / hun / ze

Note: "Jij" and "je," "zij" and "ze," "wij" and "we" are interchangeable, but the shorter forms ("je," "ze," "we") are used more casually and often in conversation.

2. The Verb "To Be" (Zijn)

"Zijn" is an irregular verb in Dutch, and it’s one of the most frequently used verbs. Here is the conjugation of "zijn" in the present tense:

I am  — ik ben

You are (informal)  — Jij bent

You are (formal)  — U bent

He/She/It is  — Hij / Zij / Het is

We are  — Wij zijn

You are (plural)  — Jullie zijn

They are  — Zij zijn

Examples with "zijn":

"Ik ben blij." = "I am happy."

"Jij bent student." = "You are a student."

"Wij zijn hier." = "We are here."

3. Using "To Be" in Questions and Negatives

• Questions: Like in other Dutch questions, the subject and verb switch positions.

Example: "Ben jij blij?" = "Are you happy?"

• Negatives: Add "niet" (not) after the verb to negate.

Example: "Ik ben niet blij." = "I am not happy."